Arts are often influenced by significant political, social, economic, and cultural events within societies. One of the best examples confirming this notion is the Afghan war rugs. The designs of these rugs predominantly feature images of elements and motifs related to war. Among a subset of these rugs, there is a focus on depicting individuals influential in the course of the war. Ahmad Shah Massoud, as one of the key figures in the Afghan war, has been a recurring subject in Afghan pictorial rugs. However, in the rug analyzed in this study, Ahmad Shah Massoud is depicted alongside numerous elements that, at first glance, appear unrelated. This study aims to uncover the semantic connections between the various motifs present in the composition. This study seeks to answer the main question: what message is intended to be conveyed through the depiction of Ahmad Shah Massoud and the other elements present in this rug? The study examined one Afghan war rug featuring Ahmad Shah Massoud using Erwin Panofsky’s iconology approach, employing an iconographic method in two stages of description and analysis. The study employed a descriptive-analytical methodology and used a library study for data collection.  Through an iconographic approach and a semantic and symbolic analysis of the icons within the rug’s imagery, the findings reveal that the rug implicitly conveys a message through the diverse elements included in its composition. The rug evokes the tale of “Layla and Majnun,” with Ahmad Shah Massoud portrayed as Majnun—a world-renouncing lover of his country. The other elements in the rug symbolize the aspirations and dreams of the Afghan people, who long for a free nation.

Method and Research Design: Data for this article is collected from archival documents and library resources. Findings and Conclusion: Iranian government suffered growing economic and political problems during Ahmad Shah's reign. To overcome financial difficulties, some statesmen and parliamentarians suggested to put to mortgage or sell the collction of Crown Jewels. With the restoration of the constitutional rule after Mohamad Ali Shah was forced to resign, the collection was transferred from royal court to the ownership of the state. As the public was highly sensitive about the jewels, the case was discussed repeatedly in the parliament. Meanwhile, the opponents of Ahmad Shah and the Qajars, spread a rumor that the Shah wants to sell the jewels. They used this as a pretext for disrediting Qajars and ending their rule. The attempt to sell or to mortgage the Crown Jewels was not successful, however, due to disagreements between the government and the parliament, as well as the pressure of public opinion which stressed on national and cultural value of the Crown Jewels.

Iranian’s immigration to India in Mongol kingdom is one of the events that had several cultural and social effects. Among the effects we can indicate the growth of some men of science and the creation of significant historical and literary works.Mirza Nizam-al-Din Ahmad Heravi, the author of Tabaghat Akbari was among the effective characters of that period.In this essay his biogrophy and personality will be described and various aspects of Tabaghat Akbari will also be considered as an authentic historical referance.

In this article, the author has set about to discuss and comment on the lifestyle, works, and thoughts of Massoud Bak as another Hallaj (comber) of the Islamic Mysticism. For this purpose, he has introduced 4 principal doctrines out of the mysticism doctrines in the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent and he has included Massoud Bak in his studies about the fourth tribe (Cheshtiyeh), concluding that the architects of the tall palaces of mysticism were the Iranians who migrated to that land with the purpose of developing the speaking divinity of Islam and displaying the Islamic flag in the format of the Persian language in the subcontinent. The author has then viewed Massoud Bak from the eyes of the writers and analyzed his mystic thoughts, which resulted in his assassination. Finally, the author introduces his prose and verse works and his position among the mystic sheikhs.

In this article, the author is about to discuss and comment on the lifestyle, works, and thoughts of Massoud Bak as another Hallaj (comber) of the Islamic Mysticism. For this purpose, he has introduced 4 principal doctrines out of the mysticism doctrines in the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent and he has included Massoud Bak in his studies about the fourth tribe (Cheshtiyeh) and concludes that architectures of tall palace of mysticism have been Iranians that have migrated to that land with the purpose to develop the speaking divinity of Islam and have displayed the Islamic flag in the format of the Persian Language in the subcontinent. Then has viewed Massoud Bak from the eyes of the writers and analyzed the mystic thoughts of him resulting in the assassination of him. At the end, he introduces the prose and verse works of him and his position among the mystic sheikhs.

The system of administration of country divisions of Iran was in the traditional structural framework before the constitution until the reign of Ahmad Shah, and even the law of 1325 A.H. of the first parliament of the National Council, which was written by the authors of the constitutionalists, could not change the ruling system of administration. create a lot But during the period of Ahmad Shah and the Ministry of Interior Qawam al-Saltaneh and with the presence of Demarni, the French advisor of the Ministry of Interior; The modernization of the system of the administration was implemented. Therefore, this research is trying to answer the question by using the historical research method and archival documents, publications and other historical sources, what were the factors and reasons for the change in the previous routine in the country's divisions during the period of Ahmad Shah, and how did this change happen? The findings of the research show that the leaders of government affairs during the reign of Ahmad Shah through reforms in the structure of the Ministry of Interior and the state administration, the formulation of annual budgets for the headquarters of the Ministry of Interior and the states and provinces, the formulation of the administrative personnel system of the Ministry of Interior and the Provinces and the formation of specialized commissions of country divisions in the Ministry of Interior were in pursuit of modernizing the system of the administration and making changes in that area with the aim of concentrating affairs.

During Shahrokh Afshar’s reign in Khorasan, Ahmad Shah Durrani marched to Khorasan three times. Meanwhile, Shahrokh, who was not able to face Ahmad Shah directly, tried to deal with this issue with a different policy. He prevented the capture of Mashhad by taking refuge in the city’s fortress for a while, but eventually he was obliged to negotiate and Ahmad Shad controlled Mashhad by appointing a delegate. In the present article, which has been written using descriptive and analytical method, Ahmad Shah’s motivation for invading Khorasan and the description of his conflicts in various regions, particularly in Mashhad and Shahrokh’s position and dual policies of confrontation and interaction in facing him have been investigated. The findings indicate that Ahmad Shah’s history of service in Nader’s army played a significant role in his knowledge of the elements of power and the structure of Afsharid reign and his military expedition to Khorasan, and despite his success, whenever the disgruntled Shahrokh had the opportunity, he disobeyed him and expressed his opposition. Meanwhile, the local rulers of Khorasan’s resistance against Ahmad Shah was also fruitful, so that he finally agreed to obey Shahrokh and returned to his own capital. However, these wars caused the destruction of various cities and great damage to the people of Khorasan, which could not be compensated for a long time.

The work of Massoud Saad Salman, a Persian poet of the eleventh / twelfth centuries, is one of the most important examples of the prison literature of the Muslim world and quantitatively the largest in the field of Persian literature. In the eleventh century, Persian experiences a period of transition, which can be traced particularly in the Massoudian work. The biographical particularities of the poet’s life, especially incarceration, during the quarter of his life in mountain citadels, have greatly influenced a midpanegyric poetry, partly personal, and at least more personal than his contemporaries. As such, Massoudian poetry, although structured around classical and predefined themes of Persian poetry, keeps extending beyond this framework to allow the prisoner to express the themes of his own obsessions. Thus, his poetry constitutes a paradoxical split between the strict and uncluttered form of the Khorasani style which precedes it and to which it would normally belong, and the lyrical content of the Araghi style to come, as well as the obsessive and personal style tackling life in prison. Sometimes prosaic, expressing with a specific restraint his conditions of imprisonment, sometimes in a way filled with emotions, his poetry continues to explore the patterns and "internal" themes of Massoud’s subjectivity; a subjectivity made of loneliness, suffering, deep anxiety and aggression, as well as a life of a man consigned to oblivion in the Himalayan citadels.In this paper, the Massoudian work is tackled through a general thematic analysis which aims at determining the main patterns of this original and paradoxical poetry. French: themes externes et internes dans l’oeuvre poetique de Massoud Saad Salman L’oeuvre du poete persan des XIe/XIIe siecles, Massoud Saad Salman, est l’un des plus beaux exemples de la litterature de prison du monde musulman et la plus belle oeuvre en la matiere de la litterature persane. La litterature persane vit au XIe siecle une periode de transition, une transition qui est a suivre notamment dans l’oeuvre Massoudienne: une transition entre ce qui est considere comme poeme panegyrique et poeme lyrique. Les particularites biographiques de la vie de ce poete, en particulier l’incarceration, pendant le quart de sa vie, dans des citadelles de haute montagne, ont largement influence une poesie mi-panegyrique, mi-personnelle, plus personnelle que celles de ses contemporains. A ce titre, la poesie Massoudienne, certes structuree autour des themes classiques et predefinis de la poesie persane, ne cesse de deborder de ce cadre pour permettre au prisonnier d’exprimer les themes de ses hantises propres. Sa poesie est donc paradoxale, elle est partagee entre la forme rigoureuse et epuree du stylekhorasani, qui le precede et auquel il devrait normalement appartenir, et le contenu lyrique du style̕araqi a venir, et surtout dans son cas un lyrisme obsessionnel et dedie a la vie de prison. Parfois prosaïque, exprimant avec une retenue precise ses conditions d’ emprisonnement, parfois emplie d’emotions, cette poesie ne cesse d’explorer les motifs et les themes “internes” de la subjectivite de Massoud, faite de solitude, de souffrances, d’angoisse profonde et d’agressivite; une vie d’ homme jete dans les oubliettes des citadelles himalayennes.Dans cet article, l’oeuvre Massoudienne fait l’objet d’une d’etude thematique qui tente de cerner dans ses grandes lignes les motifs de cette poesie originale et paradoxale qui touche a la fois le panegyrique et le lyrique. On y voit comment par le biais des themes externes et internes qui sont etroitement lies, “le sens d’un texte (se trouve) indissociable de ses signifiants”. Keywords: Massoud Saad Salman, Litterature de Prison, Incarceration, Themes Internes et Externes, Motifs et Variations de Themes

The title of state properties was a new term that, after the end of Mohammad Ali Shah's despotism, was used to accurately monitor all the properties of Iranian government, including the monarchy and its government. In other words, the term, unlike in the past, included the royal properties. Previously, the common term for this properties was the word Boyutat (Royal Households). After these changes, the title of State Properties was used in the official correspondences, but the rooted title, Boyutat, was still common. Boyutat was a set of service units in the courts that had responsibility of doing of Shah personal tasks and also functioned at the courts of pre-Qajar dynasties. Each section of Boyutat had properties in proportion to their duties. The court and Boyutat of Qajar period, which was responsible for keeping the valuable properties of court, was located at the Golestan palace, and the past structures was changed by a modern evolution in proportion to the needs of Qajar period. The formed discipline in Boyutat was disrupted from Mozaffar-e-Din Shah's period. During Ahmad Shah period, the status of state properties of Golestan palace and Boyutat was inappropriate and the chamberlains didn't carry out their responsibility properly and sometimes they themselves were robbers of state properties. This paper attempts to study the status of state properties, which was in unsuitable situation during Ahmad Shah period, and reveals how much the attempts of supervisory arms were successful for protecting the royal and state properties. The study has employed field and library research, comparison and analysis of existing sources, especially documentary sources. In this historical study, after collecting the necessary data, they are organized, analyzed and finally conclusions are drawn.

Irony is one of the most important tools to avoid words and meanings and imagery speech intelligibility and circumlocution and also more effective if it is covered and leave the talking for clear, concise and effective expression in speech and writing with Myshvd. msvd employed Saad Salman irony has the lowest use. This article is based on stylistic irony in terms of morphology and structure of irony, the structure of language and grammar and semantics and interpretation of ironic poetry Massoud Saad Salman is based.